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2/24/2026
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AI 摘要

ifconfig 命令用于查看和配置 MacOS 网络接口，展示接口状态、IP 地址、MAC 地址等信息。关键字段如 status、inet、ether 等用于判断接口状态和网络配置。

接口配置 ​

理解接口配置基本字段含义

配置输出 ​

在 MacOS 上，ifconfig 命令（interface configuration）用于查看和配置网络接口：

$ ifconfig
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        options=1203<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TXSTATUS,SW_TIMESTAMP>
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280
stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280
anpi1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
        ether ea:b2:22:1a:98:a7
        media: none
        status: inactive
anpi0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
        ether ea:b2:22:1a:98:a6
        media: none
        status: inactive
anpi2: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
        ether ea:b2:22:1a:98:a8
        media: none
        status: inactive
en4: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
        ether ea:b2:22:1a:98:86
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: none
        status: inactive
en5: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
        ether ea:b2:22:1a:98:87
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: none
        status: inactive
en7: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
        ether ea:b2:22:1a:98:88
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: none
        status: inactive
en1: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO>
        ether 36:71:50:ac:55:00
        media: autoselect <full-duplex>
        status: inactive
en2: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO>
        ether 36:71:50:ac:55:04
        media: autoselect <full-duplex>
        status: inactive
en3: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO>
        ether 36:71:50:ac:55:08
        media: autoselect <full-duplex>
        status: inactive
bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=63<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TSO4,TSO6>
        ether 36:71:50:ac:55:00
        Configuration:
                id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0
                maxage 0 holdcnt 0 proto stp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200
                root id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 ifcost 0 port 0
                ipfilter disabled flags 0x0
        member: en1 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER>
                ifmaxaddr 0 port 10 priority 0 path cost 0
        member: en2 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER>
                ifmaxaddr 0 port 11 priority 0 path cost 0
        member: en3 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER>
                ifmaxaddr 0 port 12 priority 0 path cost 0
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: <unknown type>
        status: inactive
ap1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=6460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO,PARTIAL_CSUM,ZEROINVERT_CSUM>
        ether be:c2:5b:f4:16:75
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: autoselect (none)
        status: inactive
en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=6460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO,PARTIAL_CSUM,ZEROINVERT_CSUM>
        ether 72:aa:f6:89:9b:43
        inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 255.255.255.0
        inet6 fe80::ca6:5ef6:4cfb:b51d%en0 prefixlen 64 secured scopeid 0x10
        inet6 fdbd:ff1:ce00:2c8:18bd:89f3:be98:506d prefixlen 64 autoconf secured
        inet6 fdbd:ff1:ce00:2c8::15da prefixlen 64 dynamic
        inet 10.79.234.25 netmask 0xfffff000 broadcast 10.79.239.255
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: autoselect
        status: active
awdl0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=6460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO,PARTIAL_CSUM,ZEROINVERT_CSUM>
        ether a2:fa:be:62:2c:71
        inet6 fe80::a0fa:beff:fe62:2c71%awdl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x12
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: autoselect
        status: active
llw0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
        ether a2:fa:be:62:2c:71
        inet6 fe80::a0fa:beff:fe62:2c71%llw0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x13
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: autoselect (none)
utun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::bfb1:85f6:9d3b:a910%utun0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x14
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
utun1: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1380
        inet6 fe80::65a7:a362:27ae:589f%utun1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x15
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
utun2: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 2000
        inet6 fe80::a35e:537c:97ed:f672%utun2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x16
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
utun3: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1000
        inet6 fe80::ce81:b1c:bd2c:69e%utun3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x17
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
en8: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=6464<VLAN_MTU,TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO,PARTIAL_CSUM,ZEROINVERT_CSUM>
        ether 44:67:52:0c:9e:60
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: autoselect (none)
        status: inactive
en6: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=6464<VLAN_MTU,TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO,PARTIAL_CSUM,ZEROINVERT_CSUM>
        ether 14:4f:d7:c3:86:6c
        nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
        media: autoselect (none)
        status: inactive

配置含义 ​

通用字段一览：

字段含义示例/备注
接口名网卡或虚拟网卡的名称lo0、en0、awdl0
flags接口状态标记合集见下表
mtu最大传输单元以太网常见 1500
etherMAC 地址72:aa:f6:89:9b:43
inetIPv4 地址192.168.1.100
netmask子网掩码0xffffff00（255.255.255.0）
broadcast广播地址192.168.1.255
inet6IPv6 地址fe80::xxxx
status接口是否真正连上网络active / inactive
media物理介质 / 速率信息autoselect 等
options网卡的硬件加速功能开关如 TSO4、CHANNEL_IO 等

常见 flags 释义：

标记含义
UP接口已启用
RUNNING已连接并工作中
BROADCAST支持广播
MULTICAST支持多播
LOOPBACK本地回环
POINTOPOINT点对点链路（隧道、VPN）
PROMISC混杂模式（抓包等）

接口名 ​

基础接口

  • lo0：本地回环（本机与本机通信）
  • bridge0：网桥（把多个接口桥接到一起）

以太网 / Wi‑Fi

  • en0：主网卡（设备不同可能是 Wi‑Fi 或以太网）
  • en1–en7：其他以太网/虚拟以太网接口（未连接时通常 inactive）

无线相关

  • ap1：虚拟 AP（热点）
  • awdl0：Apple Wireless Direct Link（AirDrop、AirPlay 等）
  • llw0：Apple 低延迟无线，常与 awdl 配套

隧道 / 虚拟

  • utun0–utun3：VPN 隧道（系统 VPN、AppVPN、ZeroTier、Tailscale 等）
  • gif0 / stf0：隧道封装接口
  • anpi0–anpi2：Apple 私有接口（系统内部用途）

总结 ​

  • 看 status: active 找到当前真正在线的接口（常见为 en0）
  • lo0 仅用于本机回环通信（127.0.0.1）
  • 192.168.x.x 常见家庭私网；10.x.x.x 常见企业或 VPN 私网
  • awdl0 用于隔空投送等近场通信；出现 utunX 表示正在使用隧道/VPN
  • 其他接口多为虚拟、未连接或系统内部用途，按需忽略

Released under the MIT License.

Copyright © 2021-PRESENT Peter Roe